Likert's four system of management pdf

The four systems of management system or the four leadership styles identified by likert are. Explored and explained ankur joshi1, saket kale2, satish chandel3 and d. Rensis likert was the director of institute of social sciences, michigan, u. While jobcentered leader behaviour is associated with the system 1 design, employeecentered leader behaviour is more consistent with the system 4 design. Approach to management proposed by rensis likert is based on so called system approach to management which views organizations as systems. He suggested intensive leadership training to various levels of management so as to move them to system 4 management. Are you ready for insta 75 days revision plan upsc prelims 2020. Almost everyone would recognise this type of survey. May 04, 2011 examples of exploitive authoritative system, benevolent authoritative system, consultative system and participative system. Rensis likert along with his associates studied the patterns and behavior of managers to identify the leadership styles and defined four systems of management. The evaluation is carefully designed to utilize the four. Later research demonstrated the real need to use the current value approach of human resources accounting to assess the leadership behavior of managers accurately. Likert s system 14 theory was derived from research data about highproducing managers and how they differ from lowproducing managers.

In this style, the leader has a low concern for people and uses such methods as threats and other fearbased methods to achieve conformance. A likert scale, on the other hand, is composed of a series of four or more likerttype items that are combined into a single composite scorevariable during the data analysis process. These four different systems characterize many of the classical theories discussed in this chapter. Likert 4 management leadership styles study and its findings give a through the perspective of the leadership styles, and how each leadership style influences the organizations structure, value system, attitude towards workers, productivity level, and total environment of the organization.

Likert 4 management leadership styles explained iedunote. Renesis likert concluded that there are four systems of management. According to likert the four management systems are system 1 exploitive authoritative system 2 benevolent authoritative system 3 consultative and system 4 participative group likert, 1967. According to burns, transforming leadership is a process in which leaders and followers help each other to advance to a higher level of morale and motivation.

Applying system 4 to an elementary school setting high performance goals person to person basis. Organizational performance and efficiency is closely connected with the system of management and leadership style adopted by organizations. This suggests an effective, manager as powerfully oriented to subordinates relying on communication to keep all parts working as a unit. They identified four styles of management or managerial leadership which are.

We should also note the similarities between likerts leadership research and his systems 1 through 4 organisation design. Likerts research that i have presented results in that system 4 is the best approach, which offers the best results. From production and employeecenteredness to systems 14. Laikert and his colleagues also differentiated the leaders to those who are oriented to the activity, and those who are oriented to the person. He set out four principal characteristics of successful system 4 management.

Likert felt strongly that system 4 was the optimum system for managing an organisation, as mcgregor argued for theory y as a means of motivating individuals. In the 60s, rensis likert developed four management styles, intended to describe the relationship, roles and involvement of managers and subordinates in industrial environments. As a proponent of participative management, he saw the effective manager as strongly oriented to subordinates where all group members including the manager adopt a supportive relationship. Idealized influence describes leaders who act as strong role models for followers. Later theories of leadership recognised that leaders might be usefully described in terms of what they actually do their behavioural style, rather than just the traits that they possess. Likert s management systems are management styles developed by rensis likert in the 1950s. Exploitative authoritative, benevolent authoritative, consultative and participative. Rensis likert and participative management administrative.

Likerts management systems are management styles developed by rensis likert in the 1960s he is also famous for developing the likert scale, a psychometric scale commonly involved. Armstrong 2005 stated that compensation management is an integral part of human resource management approach to productivity improvement in the organisation. Likerts 4 system approach was published in 1961, and likert 16 words 5 pages. Professor rensis likert and his associates at the university of michigan studied the patterns and styles of leaders and managers over three decades and developed certain ideas and approaches for understanding leadership behavior. System 4 of likerts leadership style is close in comparison to situational leadership, but once again it will only be effective depending on the variables of the factors of leadership. The superior has no trust and confidence in subordinates. The traditional and concretely defined gender roles in the society have also influenced the research and findings on women leadership, a role, which is divorced from the stereotype roles identified for women.

Rensis likert and participative management administrative thinkers. This system is focused on relationships, based on the brigade organization of labor, collegial management, the delegation of authority and overall control. System 1 exploitative authoritative includes exploitativeauthoritarian leaders, i. He outlined four systems of management to describe the relationship, involvement, and roles of managers and subordinates in industrial settings. He assigned numbers 1 to 4 to his conceptual models to indicate the stages of evolution in the patterns and styles of management in organization. Rensis likert along with his associates in michigan university, usa conducted research to study the patterns and styles of managers over three decades, across 200 organizations and developed a four fold model of the management system that helped in understanding the leadership behavior. Definition of the theory likert theory called likert s management systems theory. Likert management system, a powerful leadership theory. A typical item in a likert scale is a statement to which respondents rate their level of agreement. Information flow is primarily downward, and most decisions are made by top management. Responsibility lies in the hands of the people at the upper echelons of the hierarchy. Rensis likert management system paul fisk, tara levine. According to likert, the efficiency of an organisation or its departments is influenced by their system of management. State likerts four system of management in an organization.

Rensis likert recognized four management styles, or systems. Compensation management and employees performance in. Exploitative authoritative, benevolent authoritative, consultative system and participative system. The advantages of likerts concept are that it can be easily operationalized and used in a sociological study. System 4 is likely to be most effective in the long run as the leader manages with full consent and cooperation of followers. The implications of system 4 approach on school leadership.

Ability is the knowledge, experience, and skill that an individual possesses to do the. Chat with your partner about why the system four concept is important for the school principal. Strategies of human resource management in tertiary institutions in rivers state. Likert scale examples for surveys iowa state university. Likerts system 5 leadership theory as evidenced by only three specific articles on the topic found among several academic databases. The first system is the exploitativeauthoritative type of management, which uses threats and fear to motivate employees within the organization. Definition of the theory likert theory called likerts management systems theory. Term paper on likert s four system s theory and assignment management allows the employee full participation and use of these methods engage people lower down the chain in decisionmaking. Likert system 4 management approach ashland university com. The successful management leaders are found in likertss. Pdf examine the relationship between leadership style. Likert described four basic systems of leadership style. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.

His four styles are based on differing assumptions about human behaviour e. With these four systems of management, likert studied seven variables viz. Likerts management systems are management styles developed by rensis likert in the 1950s. Likert items and scales rob johns university of strathclyde 1. Likert s four system s theory and organizational communication within the organizational structure communication is key to overall success, efficiency and productivity. University of michigan and composed four systems explaining the different management styles. Strengths and weaknesses of performance management. The theory, developed by paul hersey and kenneth blanchard, is based on the readiness level of the people the leader is attempting to influence.

Unlike male leaders, the reference point for a good leadership has been inadequately defined for women leaders. The likert system 4 management approach describes four different types of management approaches that range from low to high concern for workers. Leadership, rensis likerts system4 model, fuzzy ahp approach. Likert holds the view that for organisations to achieve optimum effectiveness, system 4 approach to management is ideal. Strategies of human resource management in tertiary. For instance, system 1 is similar to the scientific management approach t and system 4 has characteristics from the human relations approach. Usually a fivepoint scale of agreement like the following is used. System 1 exploitative autocratic manager has no trust or confidence in subordinates and subordinates do not feel free with their superior. He conducted extensive research for three decades with the help of 40 researchers to understand leadership behaviour. The system of management, initially proposed by the author in new patterns of management 1961, is. This style of management is likely to have a high level of performance, and in return have a high. Abstract this paper examined the strategies of hrm in tertiary institutions in rivers state.

Rensis likert identified four main styles of leadership, in particular around decisionmaking and the degree to which people are involved in the decision. Likert organizational management system type preferred by eighth grade students in a small. Teori likert likerts management system empat sistem manajemen 1. Contrarytotheory,system4methodsofmanagementwere notassociated withbetterorganizational performance,buttheywere associated with employeesfeelingsaboutperformanceand with employee. Likert and likert 1976 described systems 04 as a continuum of management systems. Likert sums it up that all organizations can be summarized into one of four systems. Likerts management systems are management styles developed by rensis likert in the 1960s he is also famous for developing the likert scale, a psychometric scale commonly involved in. These variables include leadership, motivation, communication, interaction influence, decisionmaking process, goal setting and control process. It deals with the design, implementation and maintenance of compensation system that are general to the improvement of. Likerts four systems of management business jargons. He was an american educator and organizational psychologist best known for his research on management styles. He based the systems on studies of highly productive supervisors and their team members of an american.

Likert has taken seven variables of different management systems. Teori likert likerts management system empat sistem. This style of management involves having no trust and confidence in subordinates. Self evaluations within a performance management system are both strengths and weaknesses. In his view, the closer the organisational characteristics are to the participative system, the more satisfied and therefore more productive the employees will be.

Rensis likert along with his associates in michigan university, usa conducted research to study the patterns and styles of managers over three decades, across 200 organizations and developed a fourfold model of the management system that helped in understanding the leadership behavior. New patterns of management 1961, human organisation 1967. Discuss likerts management systems as a motivation strategy. Likert categorised his four management systems as follows. Pal1 1department of community medicine, gandhi medical college, bhopal, 462001, india. Likerts 4 system approach was published in 1961, and likert argues for what he considers is a generalized theory of organization mumby 100. The likert management system is a theory about the various management styles a manager can adopt within an organisation. It has been in use only for about two hundred years, although the term leader, from which it was derived, appeared as early as a. Understanding the elements that makeup successful communication within the organizational construct plays a huge role in shaping a corporation s culture and collected sense of.

This brings the people closer together on a more interpersonal level than before as the distance created in the other systems disappears. Likerts systems of management leadership business leadership. The ubiquitous likert item the question above, taken from the 2007 british social attitudes survey, is an example of a likert item. Readiness is the extent to which followers have the ability and willingness to accomplish a specific task. Leadership, motivation, decisionmaking process, communication, interaction. The four systems of the management system by likert. Likerts management systems are management styles developed by rensis likert in the 1960s. Examine the relationship between leadership style based on likert theory with job satisfaction of teachers in shahed high schools for girls in tehran in the academic year 20142015.

He has given a continuum of four systems of management in his management system. Likert developed four models of management which he termed systems of management. Jul 02, 20 dr rensis likert management system theory 1. System 2 benevolent autocratic manager has condescending trust and confidence but subordinates do not feel very free with their superior. Dalam sistem manajemen ini tugas pegawaibawahan adalah untuk, mematuhi keputusam uang dibuat oleh manager dan mereka uang memiliki status uang lebih tinggi daripada mereka dalam organisasi. A comparative analysis of the department of defense integrated product team structure to likerts system four organization. But apart from that, he considered such a parameter as labor productivity.

Likert found that many organizations are operating under systems 2 and 3. Likerts four management systems archives management. The diagram below shows likert s four management systems, exploitive. The successful management leaders are found in likerts s system 4. Analyzing likert data the journal of extension joe. Likert began with four types of organizational systems and later on, he added two more to the list. The four management systems as identified by likert were. Introduction the term leadership is a relatively recent addition to the english language. Likert 4 management leadership styles explains how 4 distinctive. Get ready for upsc civil services preliminary exam 2020 with insights insta 75 days revision plan. In conclusion likert has presented four models of leadership. Likerts management system rensis likert, along with his colleagues has worked at the michigan university, on the subject of style and patterns of management for most thirty year.